I.
From An Claidheamh Soluis, November 3, 1906.
The politician we shall always have with us, and it is highly desirable that we should. Every nation has need of politician; Ireland, perhaps, more than most. We could not banish the politician if we would; we would not even if we could. He is a fact, a permanent fact, an inevitable fact.
While it is highly desirable that we should have politicians, it is highly undesirable that the operations of politicians should be allowed, in their actual working out, to injure the dearest interests of the nation. It is evident to everyone that the politician in the Irish-speaking districts is helping powerfully to kill the living Irish language. His whole propaganda is carried on in English. His newspapers are in English. His meetings and conventions are conducted in English. His election literature is printed in English. His speeches from his platform are in English, even when he is an Irish speaker himself. Of course, we are speaking in general terms. There have been such things as Irish speeches from political platforms and such things as Irish election addresses (the latter chiefly in anglicised districts). We are dealing with the general tone and colour of political activity in the Gaedhealtacht; and the general tone and colour of political activity in the Gaedhealtacht is English.
It would be unfair to pillory any one school of politicians for this state of affairs. The Sinn Féin Nationalist is as great a sinner as the Parliamentary Nationalist; the Parliamentary Nationalist as great a sinner as the Devolutionist or the frank Unionist. In this respect even avowed Gaelic Leaguers are far from blameless. The Gael, as soon as he steps on a political platform or enters a political conference, seems too often to forget all the principles and traditions which he cherishes qua Gael. We have known Gaelic Leaguers who are punctilious in always speaking Irish from Gaelic League platforms, to address Irish-speaking crowds in English from political platforms. We have known politicians to speak Irish in Dublin and London, and English from the political platform in their own Irish-speaking constituencies. We have known delegates to the Ard-Fheis who shout for “Gaedhilg” all day in the Rotunda, to go home and shout in English from a platform or in a boardroom of the Gaedhealtacht.
Now, English may be excusable and even necessary at Gaelic League meetings in the Galldacht. From a non-Irish speaker English may be excusable, if not necessary, even in the Gaedhealtacht. But it can never be necessary and it can never be excusable for an Irish speaker to address an Irish-speaking audience in English. The thing should not be tolerated. It has been tolerated too long with disastrous effect to the influence and prestige of the national language.
We were once at a political meeting in a Welsh-speaking part of Wales. A Welsh Member of Parliament came forward to speak. He commenced in English. There was a roar of “CYMRAEG!” which literally shook the building. The member held up a deprecating hand. He attempted to explain that there were special reasons why he should address them in English on this particular occasion. The only answer was “CYMREAG!” shouted with ten-fold volume. The member stammered on in English. The crowd became threatening. A few moved hastily towards the platform. At the psychological moment the member turned to Cymreag, – indeed, he finished in Welsh a sentence begun in English. The crowd cheered, then quietened and listened to him with rapt attention until the close of the address. Had he hesitated a moment longer the platform would have been stormed.
We do not advocate the hooting of eminent political leaders who do not happen to know Irish off every platform in an Irish-speaking district on which they appear. We do advocate the insisting on Irish speakers being provided for political meetings in Irish-speaking places. Still more strenuously do we advocate the insisting on Irish speakers speaking Irish on political platforms and everywhere else. “In Flanders, Flemish,” – “In Wales, Welsh,” – “Gan Acht Gaedhilg San nGaedhealtacht!”
We wrote in a similar strain in AN CLAIDHEAMH SOLUIS some three years ago, and were promptly called to book by one irate reader for having “sneered at politics,” and by another for having “attacked the Parliamentary Party.” We never “sneer” at anything. We never “attack” brother Irishmen, though we sometimes criticise their acts. To point out what politicians might do and fail to do is more to attack politics or a political party as an institution, than to point out what priests might do and fail to do is to attack the Church, or to point out what Gaelic Leaguers might do and fail to do is to attack the Gaelic League.
II.
From An Claidheamh Soluis, November 10, 1906.
During last week the politician was rampant in one of the most important Irish-speaking districts in Ireland. Eloquent speeches in English were delivered to Irish-speaking audiences at Bearna and elsewhere. Election literature in English was scattered far and wide. The fact that Irish was the sole home language of a large part of the constituency and use of the home languages of the other part, was completely ignored by one side in the contest, and all but ignored by the other. True, Stíophán Mac Fhinn, whom Gaelic Leaguers of every shade of political opinion will congratulate on his election as the representative of the most Irish city in Ireland, spoke once or twice in Irish during the course of the week. Irish speeches were also delivered on his behalf by Tomás Ó Domhnaill. We feel quite certain that could the national language have been assigned a more prominent place in the campaign it would gladly have been assigned such a place by one side at least. We are attacking no one. We are simply pointing out two lamentable facts: first, that last week a descent was made on an Irish-speaking countryside by a crowd of English orators; and secondly that, as a result of that descent, vernacular Irish in the district has received a blow from which it will reel for many a long day. All this may have been inevitable; if so, more’s the pity.
However, such descents, deplorable and harmful as they are, are of comparatively rare occurrence. Perhaps we must tolerate them for some time to come as necessary evils. After all, these incursions are less menacing and symptomatic than the fact that the business of what we may call local politics is almost invariably conducted in English even in the most Irish-speaking parts of the country. Is a grabber to be denounced? He is denounced in English. Is a Co-Operative Society to be inaugurated? It is given a send-off in English. Is an address to be presented to a priest returning from the Holy Land or from America? It is written, read, and replied to in English. Is a dispensary doctor to be elected? The canvassing, the intriguing, the bullying, the ‘warm interchanges’ in the Boardroom, are all carried on in English. And so on in almost every department of human activity.
An astonishing and perplexing fact is that in these various acts of public life and social intercourse Gaelic Leaguers often play a prominent part. Nay, in many cases the U.I.L. Committee, the I.A.O.S. Committee, and the G.A.A. Committee in a parish, all consist of substantially the same individuals as the local Gaelic League Committee. Irish speakers who in their capacity as Gaelic League committeemen punctiliously speak Irish, will in their capacity as U.I.L., I.A.O.S., or G.A.A. committeemen, habitually speaking English. This is only one instance of a failing so common among Gaelic Leaguers as sometimes to suggest the fear that the whole movement is a sham. How many of us act or appear to act on the assumption that Irishism is a thing to be professed and paraded at Gaelic League demonstrations, at Feis and Committee meetings, and in letters to the press, but a thing which no sane man would ever dream of carrying into his daily life!
Unfortunately, the dweller in the Galldacht must for some time to come continue to use English. He must use it almost exclusively in his hours of business, and very largely in his hours of recreation. ‘Tis true, ‘tis pity, and pity ‘tis, ‘tis true.’ Not so, with the Irish-speaker living in an Irish-speaking district. For him only one course is consistent with bona fide membership of the Gaelic League: it is to SPEAK IRISH ALL THE TIME.